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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nEcco perch\u00e9, secondo Fratelli d\u2019Italia, l’associazione, \u00abcon simili prese di posizione\u00bb, dimostrerebbe\u00a0di essersi \u00abridotta\u00a0a una delle tante sigle dell\u2019estrema sinistra e di aver perso ogni credibilit\u00e0\u00bb. Marco Scurria, Ester Mieli, Ella Bucalo, Lucio Malan, Raffaele Speranzon e Giulio Terzi di Sant\u2019Agata, componenti della Commissione Segre, evidenziano, con tale modus operandi<\/strong><\/span>, abbia nei fatti \u00abgettato la maschera\u00bb. Dovr\u00e0, infatti, condividere la protesta con sigle di sinistra-sinistra, come Potere al Popolo, Cambiare Rotta e Osa.<\/p>\n Per l\u2019Osservatorio Israele, invece, partecipare al presidio, previsto domattina davanti Montecitorio, \u00e8 \u00abuna scelta grave che lascia perplessi. Mentre l\u2019antisemitismo continua a manifestarsi nelle piazze di mezza Europa, nelle universit\u00e0 e sui social, una delle principali associazioni della memoria della Resistenza decide di mobilitarsi contro un provvedimento pensato per contrastarlo. Criticare le decisioni di un governo deve restare pienamente legittimo, ma non pu\u00f2 diventare il pretesto per indebolire gli strumenti contro l’odio antiebraico\u00bb.<\/p>\n A contestare\u00a0l\u2019Anpi pure Forza Italia. \u00abChi \u00e8 contro questa legge \u2013 sottolinea il senatore Maurizio Gasparri – di fatto minimizza quest\u2019ondata di antisemitismo. Ed \u00e8 ancora pi\u00f9 grave che, per giustificare tale atteggiamento, si ricorra a una sistematica campagna di menzogne, attribuendo a questa legge contenuti che non ha\u00bb. La deputata Isabella De Monte ricorda, infatti, come il testo contestato sia stato voluto e condiviso anche da esponenti progressisti, come il senatore Graziano Delrio. Detto ci\u00f2, l’ennesima\u00a0mobilitazione davanti alla Camera non baster\u00e0 a fermare l\u2019iter per approvare il ddl in via definitiva. \u00abOra l\u2019obiettivo \u2013 evidenzia Mariastella Gelmini di Noi Moderati – deve essere chiaro: evitare ulteriori rinvii\u00bb.<\/p>\n L’acronimo <\/span>DDL<\/span><\/b> pu\u00f2 avere diversi significati a seconda del contesto in cui viene utilizzato:<\/span><\/p>\n Disegno di Legge<\/span><\/b>:<\/span> nel linguaggio politico e istituzionale italiano, indica una proposta di legge presentata dal Governo al Parlamento affinch\u00e9 venga discussa e votata per diventare una legge dello Stato.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Datore di Lavoro<\/span><\/b>:<\/span> nel contesto della sicurezza sul lavoro (ad esempio nel D.Lgs. 81\/08), viene spesso usato come abbreviazione per indicare il titolare o il responsabile di un’azienda.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Data Definition Language<\/span><\/b>:<\/span> in informatica, si riferisce a un linguaggio di programmazione utilizzato per definire e modificare la struttura dei database (creando tabelle, indici, ecc.).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n In quale di questi ambiti ti interessava approfondire il termine?<\/p>\n Un DDL \u00e8 una proposta di legge redatta e presentata dal <\/span>Governo<\/span><\/b> (attraverso un ministro) alle camere del Parlamento (Camera dei Deputati o Senato della Repubblica) affinch\u00e9 venga discussa, modificata e votata per diventare una legge dello Stato.<\/span><\/p>\n Ecco come funziona e quali sono le differenze principali rispetto ad altri termini simili:<\/p>\n Iniziativa:<\/b> Si chiama disegno di legge<\/i> se l’iniziativa parte dal Governo, mentre si parla pi\u00f9 comunemente di proposta di legge<\/i> se a presentarla \u00e8 un parlamentare, un consiglio regionale o il popolo (attraverso la raccolta di firme).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n L’Iter (il percorso):<\/span><\/b> Per diventare legge, il DDL deve essere esaminato da una commissione parlamentare competente per materia, poi discusso e votato articolo per articolo dall’Aula di entrambe le Camere (Camera e Senato) nel medesimo testo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n La Conclusione:<\/b> Una volta approvato dal Parlamento, il testo viene promulgato dal Presidente della Repubblica e pubblicato sulla Gazzetta Ufficiale, entrando solitamente in vigore dopo 15 giorni (<\/span>vacatio legis<\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Attenzione a non confonderlo con:<\/b><\/p>\n D.L. (Decreto-Legge):<\/span><\/b> \u00c8 un atto urgente adottato direttamente dal Governo in casi straordinari di necessit\u00e0 e urgenza (come prevede l’articolo 77 della Costituzione), che entra in vigore subito ma deve essere convertito in legge dal Parlamento entro 60 giorni.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n D.Lgs. (Decreto Legislativo):<\/span><\/b> \u00c8 un atto normativo sempre emanato dal Governo, ma solo dopo che il Parlamento gli ha delegato questo potere tramite una legge apposita (legge delega), fissando paletti, criteri e tempi precisi.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n The Nazi GOVERNMENT, led by Adolf Hitler, carried out the systematic genocide of six million Jews during World War II, an event known as the Holocaust. This atrocity was driven by several core factors:<\/p>\n Extreme Anti-Semitism:<\/b> Nazi ideology was built on a foundation of virulent ( IT ), racial anti-Semitism. The Nazis falsely and obsessively (FROM OBSESSION) blamed Jews for all of Germany’s problems, including its defeat in World War I and the severe economic collapse of the Great Depression.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Pseudoscientific Racial Theories:<\/b> The Nazi party promoted a distorted, pseudoscientific view of history and biology, viewing the world as a struggle between races. They falsely categorized the Germanic peoples as a “master race” (Aryan<\/i>) and framed Jewish people as a biological threat to the purity and survival of that race.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n State Propaganda and Indoctrination:<\/b> Upon seizing power in 1933, the Nazi government used total control of media, education, and culture to dehumanize Jewish people, portraying them as enemies of the state and turning widespread prejudice into accepted policy.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Wartime Radicalization:<\/b> During World War II, the regime’s goals shifted from discrimination and forced emigration to total physical extermination. As the German military invaded and occupied vast territories across Europe, the regime implemented what they called the “Final Solution to the Jewish Question,” establishing a vast network of concentration and extermination camps designed for mass murder.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Historians study the Holocaust to understand how unchecked hatred, propaganda, and authoritarian power can lead to catastrophic human rights abuses, emphasizing the importance of human rights, tolerance, and democracy.<\/p>\n Jewish people are generally categorized by geographic and cultural traditions (ethnic divisions) or by their level of religious observance (denominations).<\/p>\n Ashkenazi Jews:<\/span><\/b> Originally settled in Central and Eastern Europe (such as Germany, Poland, Russia, and France).<\/span> Today, they make up the majority of the Jewish population in the United States and a large portion worldwide.<\/span> Historically, they spoke Yiddish.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n Sephardic Jews:<\/span><\/b> Traced back to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) until they were expelled during the Inquisition in the late 15th century<\/span>.<\/span> They relocated to North Africa, the Ottoman Empire (the Balkans and Turkey), and Western Europe, historically speaking Ladino (Judeo-Spanish).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n Mizrahi Jews:<\/span><\/b> Indigenous communities from the Middle East, North Africa, and the Caucasus, including countries like Iraq, Iran, Yemen, and Syria.<\/span> The word <\/span>Mizrahi<\/span><\/i> means “Eastern” in Hebrew.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n Other Groups:<\/b> Smaller, distinct historic communities include Beta Israel<\/b> (Ethiopian Jews), Yemeni Jews<\/b>, Romaniotes<\/b> (Greek-speaking Jews native to Greece dating back to Roman times), and Bene Israel<\/b> (from India)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/p>\n Within modern Judaism\u2014particularly in the West\u2014people also identify with different religious approaches to tradition, law, and modernity:<\/p>\n Orthodox Judaism:<\/b> Upholds traditional Jewish law (Halakha<\/span>) and views the Torah as divinely given. This includes sub-groups like <\/span>Modern Orthodoxy<\/span><\/b> and <\/span>Haredi<\/span><\/b> (Ultra-Orthodox) communities, such as Hasidic Jews<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n Conservative Judaism:<\/b> Seeks to conserve traditional Jewish laws and customs while allowing for adaptation to modern life and culture.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Reform (or Liberal) Judaism:<\/b> Emphasizes ethical teachings over strict ritual law, prioritizing progressive adaptation, individual autonomy, and gender equality in religious practice.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Reconstructionist Judaism:<\/b> Views Judaism as a continually evolving religious civilization, focusing heavily on community, culture, and peoplehood rather than strict dogma.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/p>\n correctly known as Vodou<\/b> (or Vodun<\/i>), is an ancient, legitimate monotheistic religion deeply rooted in West Africa, particularly in nations like Benin, Togo, and Ghana.<\/p>\n When enslaved Africans were forcibly brought to the Caribbean during the transatlantic slave trade\u2014most notably to Haiti\u2014they blended their traditional religious beliefs with elements of Roman Catholicism. This fusion created distinct regional traditions, such as Haitian Vodou<\/b>, Louisiana Voodoo<\/b>, and Candombl\u00e9<\/b> in Brazil.<\/p>\n Supreme Creator:<\/b> Vodou centers on the belief in a single, distant supreme creator God, often called Bondye<\/i> (derived from the French Bon Dieu<\/i>, meaning “Good God”). Because Bondye is seen as too remote to interact with daily human affairs, practitioners do not pray directly to God.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n The Spirits (Lwa<\/i>):<\/b> Practitioners interact with a pantheon of lesser deities or spirits known as Lwa<\/i> (or Loa<\/i>). Each Lwa<\/i> has a distinct personality, color, symbol, and domain over aspects of life like love, health, fertility, or agriculture (similar to saints in some Christian traditions or gods in other polytheistic systems).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ritual and Community:<\/b> Ceremonies involve drumming, chanting, dancing, and offerings (such as food, candles, or rum) designed to honor and commune with the Lwa<\/i>. During these rituals, practitioners may experience spirit possession, acting as a temporary vessel for a Lwa<\/i> to offer advice, healing, or guidance to the community.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ancestral Reverence:<\/b> Honoring deceased family members is central to Vodou. Practitioners believe that ancestors continue to watch over and protect their living descendants.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Popular culture, horror movies, and fiction have heavily distorted Vodou, falsely portraying it as dark magic, devil worship, or malicious sorcery involving “voodoo dolls” and pins. In reality, Vodou is a deeply spiritual faith centered on healing, community support, respect for nature and ancestors, and maintaining balance between the physical and spiritual worlds<\/p>\n Scientology<\/b> is a controversial religious movement founded in 1954 by science fiction author L. Ron Hubbard. It is based on the teachings and books published by Hubbard, most notably his 1950 book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health<\/i>.<\/p>\n The Thetan:<\/b> Central to Scientology is the belief that human beings are immortal spiritual beings called thetans<\/i>. According to the doctrine, a thetan has lived through countless past lives and has forgotten its true spiritual nature, becoming trapped in the physical universe and a material body.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Auditing:<\/b> The primary practice of Scientology is a counseling process known as auditing<\/i>. During auditing, a practitioner (called an auditor) uses a device called an E-meter<\/i> (Electropsychometer) to measure electrical skin resistance while asking the person questions. The goal is to locate areas of spiritual distress, painful memories, or trauma\u2014referred to as engrams<\/i>\u2014and clear them away.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Clear and Operating Thetan (OT):<\/b> Through auditing and intensive study, a Scientologist aims to progress up what is known as the “Bridge to Total Freedom.” Reaching the state of Clear<\/b> means a person has freed themselves from their reactive mind and past traumas. Beyond Clear are the Operating Thetan (OT)<\/b> levels, where individuals reportedly gain higher spiritual awareness and control over matter, energy, space, and time.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ethics and Technology:<\/b> Scientologists refer to their beliefs and administrative methods as “Technology” (Tech). They have strict internal codes of ethics and distinct organizational structures managed by church hierarchies.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Scientology is widely regarded as one of the most controversial new religious movements in the world. It has faced intense public scrutiny, legal challenges, and heavy criticism from former members, media outlets, and governments for several reasons:<\/p>\n Financial Costs:<\/b> Advancing through the various levels of auditing, courses, and materials requires significant financial payments, leading many critics to characterize the organization as exploitative.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Aggressive Practices:<\/b> The Church of Scientology is notorious for its aggressive legal tactics against critics, journalists, and former members who attempt to speak out against it.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Medical and Psychiatric Opposition:<\/b> Hubbard strongly rejected traditional psychiatry and psychology, viewing them as harmful. The church continues to run public campaigns against psychiatric medications and mental health treatments.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Disconnection:<\/b> The organization has been accused of practicing strict isolation or disconnection<\/i>, requiring current members to cut off all contact with family members or friends who leave the church or speak critically of it.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Shinto<\/span><\/b> (often spelled <\/span>Scinto<\/span><\/i> in Italian as <\/span>Scintoismo<\/span><\/i>) is the indigenous, traditional religion of Japan.<\/span> Its name literally translates to “the way of the gods”.<\/span><\/p>\n The Kami:<\/b> Shinto is a polytheistic and animistic faith centered around supernatural entities known as <\/span>kami<\/span><\/i>.<\/span> These are spirits or divine forces inhabiting natural elements like mountains, trees, rivers, waterfalls, rocks, and animals, as well as exceptional ancestors and phenomena that inspire a sense of wonder.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n Purity and Harmony:<\/b> Unlike many Western religions, Shinto places little emphasis on strict dogmas, rigid moral codes, or an afterlife.<\/span> Instead, its core focus is on ritual purity (<\/span>harae<\/span><\/i>), maintaining harmony with nature, and expressing gratitude.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n Shrines (Jinja<\/i>):<\/b> Practitioners worship at public shrines or home altars (<\/span>kamidana<\/span><\/i>).<\/span> Shinto shrines are typically marked by a traditional gate called a <\/span>torii<\/span><\/i>, which symbolizes the transition from the everyday secular world to a sacred space.<\/span> Rituals often involve cleansing hands and mouths with water, bowing, clapping, and making small offerings.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n Cultural Integration:<\/b> Shinto has no single historical founder or central holy text (though ancient chronicles like the <\/span>Kojiki<\/span><\/i> record its myths).<\/span> \n
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ARTICLE II<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
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ARTICLE III<\/span><\/h1>\n
Major Cultural and Geographic Groups (Diaspora Communities)<\/h3>\n
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Religious Movements (Denominations)<\/h3>\n
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ARTICLE IV – VODOU<\/span><\/h1>\n
Core Beliefs and Practices<\/h3>\n
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Common Misconceptions<\/h3>\n
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ARTICLE V – Scientology<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n
Core Beliefs and Practices<\/h3>\n
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Controversies and Criticisms<\/h3>\n
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ARTICLE VI – Shinto<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n
Core Beliefs and Practices<\/h3>\n
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